RESEARCH ARTICLE


Event Charts for the Analysis of Adverse Events in Longitudinal Studies: An Example from a Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Trial



Joel A. Dubin*, 1, Stephanie S. O'Malley2
1 Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Department of Health Studies & Gerontology, University of Waterloo,Waterloo, ON, Canada
2 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

Article Information


Identifiers and Pagination:

Year: 2010
Volume: 3
First Page: 34
Last Page: 41
Publisher Id: TOEPIJ-3-34
DOI: 10.2174/1874297101003010034

Article History:

Received Date: 04/03/2010
Revision Received Date: 01/06/2010
Acceptance Date: 07/06/2010
Electronic publication date: 8/7/2010
Collection year: 2010

© 2010Dubin et al..

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; Tel: 1-519-885-1211, Ext. 37318; Fax: 1-519-746-1875; E-mail: jdubin@uwaterloo.ca


Abstract

Purpose:

To illustrate the use of one particular graphical method, the event chart (Lee et al., 2000), for the display of adverse events (AE’s), along with other important considerations such as time on treatment/intervention, severity of AE’s, treatment assignment, gender, etc., in longitudinal studies. These graphs can also include other key information such as efficacy measures and time-dependent covariates of interest.

Methods:

Emphasizing an application of a dose-ranging smoking cessation trial of naltrexone, we use event charts to convey a few potentially interesting findings from the complex data from this trial, with particular attention paid to the analysis of the safety (AE) data from the subset of individuals who dropped out before the end of the treatment phase of the study

Results:

The event charts conveyed some interesting findings regarding relationships between gender, AE’s and dropout time, as well as between treatment group, AE’s and dropout time, and between AE burden and dropout time.

Conclusion:

Event charts can be one of the helpful exploratory tools in investigating the pattern of adverse events and their possible association with covariates and time on treatment/intervention in longitudinal studies. Findings from the event chart analysis of AE’s could potentially lead to more formal statistical analysis and modeling. Software for generating these event charts is available in R and S-Plus.

Keywords: Dropout, event chart, exploratory analysis, graphical analysis, naltrexone, nicotine patch, side effects.